To programmatically set a package as the device owner, you need to use the Android Device Policy API. The following code shows how to do it programmatically:

public class DeviceOwnerReceiver extends DeviceAdminReceiver {

  public static ComponentName getComponentName(Context context) {
    return new ComponentName(context, DeviceOwnerReceiver.class);
  }

  public static Intent getIntentToEnable(Context context) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(DevicePolicyManager.ACTION_ADD_DEVICE_ADMIN);
    intent.putExtra(DevicePolicyManager.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADMIN, getComponentName(context));
    intent.putExtra(DevicePolicyManager.EXTRA_ADD_EXPLANATION, "This is necessary to set the app as the device owner");
    return intent;
  }

  @Override
  public void onEnabled(Context context, Intent intent) {
    super.onEnabled(context, intent);
    DevicePolicyManager devicePolicyManager = (DevicePolicyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.DEVICE_POLICY_SERVICE);
    if (devicePolicyManager != null) {
      devicePolicyManager.setDeviceOwner(getComponentName(context), BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
    }
  }
}

In the code above, you need to create a DeviceAdminReceiver class and override the onEnabled method. In the onEnabled method, you can use the DevicePolicyManager class to set the device owner.

After creating the class, you need to declare it in the AndroidManifest.xml file:

<receiver
  android:name=".DeviceOwnerReceiver"
  android:permission="android.permission.BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN">
  <meta-data
    android:name="android.app.device_admin"
    android:resource="@xml/device_admin_receiver" />

  <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.app.action.DEVICE_ADMIN_ENABLED" />
  </intent-filter>
</receiver>

The device_admin_receiver.xml file should look like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<device-admin xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
  <uses-policies>
    <limit-password />
    <watch-login />
    <reset-password />
    <force-lock />
    <wipe-data />
    <expire-password />
    <encrypted-storage />
    <disable-camera />
  </uses-policies>
</device-admin>

Once the DeviceOwnerReceiver class is declared and the device owner is set, your app can run as the device owner.